STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF GARLIC AND HONEY ON SOME UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Qualitative
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- Abstract : Available
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- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
Background Of The Study
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, often known as URIs or URTIs, are a group of diseases that are brought on by an acute infection of the upper respiratory tract, which includes the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. Tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and the common cold are all examples of conditions that fall into this category. (Jean-Baptiste de Panafieu P, 2007). An infection of the upper respiratory tract is often caused by one of around 150 distinct viruses, the most majority of which are classified as rhinoviruses and all of which are members of the picrona virus family of tiny RNA viruses. In addition to viruses, certain bacterias can also cause infections of the upper respiratory tract. These bacteria include group A streptococci, corynebacterium diphtheria, N. meningitides, Myc.Pneumonia, N. gonorrhea, H. influenza, pneumococcus, and staphylococcus aureus. Other than viruses, these bacteria are the most common cause of upper respiratory tract infections (Treacy B, 2004).
Infections of the upper respiratory tract are contagious diseases that may be passed from person to person by respiratory droplets or hands that have been contaminated with viruses. The transmission of an illness is made easier by coughing and sneezing. (Rechsteiner EA, et al., National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2006). [Citation needed]
Infection of the upper respiratory tract occurs when germs invade the mucosa that lines the upper airway directly. After receiving an injection, viruses and bacteria are met by many immune responses, some of which are physical, some are mechanical, others are humoral, and some are cellular. Patients who have compromised humoral or phagocytic immune function have an increased likelihood of developing an upper respiratory infection (URI). (Anne Meneghetti MD, 2011).
Sneezing, coughing, malaise, a low-grade fever, nasal congestion, nasal discharge that is watery or mucoid in character, nasal congestion, and low-grade fever are the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. Other symptoms include coughing and anorexia (Tietze KJ, 2004). Antibiotics are the primary treatment option for respiratory tract infections in allopathic medicine. However, the authorities in charge of public health have been discouraging doctors from prescribing antibiotics to treat common infections of the upper respiratory tract. This is due to the fact that antibiotics do not significantly reduce the amount of time needed to recover from these viral infections. They also used the method of treating infections of the upper respiratory tract with rest, increased hydration intake, and other measures. On the other hand, a combination of honey and garlic is claimed to have had a major contribution to the treatment and recovery from infections of the upper respiratory tract.
As of right now, the most important medical applications for honey and garlic are as an antibacterial agent, for the prevention of cancer, and for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. This is accomplished by decreasing blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The active ingredients consist of a number of different complicated sulfur-containing molecules that are quickly absorbed, altered, and metabolized. antimicrobial effects, however they have not been investigated in controlled studies involving people, according to pooled data from a number of different randomized trials. There have been no randomized clinical tests conducted to determine whether or not garlic is useful as a therapeutic agent in oncology; nonetheless, epidemiologic data, in vitro research, and animal data all show that garlic may help prevent certain solid tumors. There have been no studies conducted to evaluate its efficacy or safety in the treatment of children, pregnant or nursing women, or women who are either. Consuming garlic as a meal does not pose any health risks; nevertheless, some people may experience gastrointestinal discomfort and, of course, bad breath as a result of eating garlic. A prolonged application to the skin has been linked to mild to serious burns. Honey dressings were a common component of standard wound treatment up to the early part of the 20th century.
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
In many third world nations, respiratory tract infections, often known as RTIs, are regarded to be one of the most serious threats to public health, since they are a main cause of death and illness [1]. Around the world, about 50 million people lose their lives every year as a result of RIT, which may take place in both community and health care settings [2]. The bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are responsible for the majority of upper respiratory tract infections [4]. Antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, and kanamycin are typically ineffective against the microorganisms mentioned above because they frequently exhibit antibiotic resistance [5]. Because of this fact, in recent years, researchers have been focusing more of their attention on the process of extracting active biological chemicals from natural species that are used in herbal medicine [6].
Honey is a natural commodity that has been used for the treatment of various conditions by a variety of different civilizations [7]. In the past, it was used as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of ulcers, bed sores, skin infections, and wounds [8, 9]. More recently, it was utilized for the treatment of respiratory tract infections [8]. Garlic, on the other hand, has a long history of being used as a treatment for infectious illness in a variety of cultures all over the globe [10]. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are no match for its formidable antibacterial power [11,12]. Additionally, it proved successful against bacterial strains that had developed resistance to antibiotics and that produced toxins [11]. In addition to this, the extracts of this plant demonstrate maximal inhibitory activity against a variety of pneumonia-causing species [13].
Honey and garlic are both used to a significant extent, not only as delicacies but also as traditional treatments, in Nigeria. Therefore, determining whether or not they have antibacterial properties is desirable. To alleviate coughing and other symptoms associated with respiratory tract infections, some local groups historically employ a combination of honey and garlic. This research was designed to investigate the antibacterial properties of honey and garlic in relation to infections of the upper respiratory tract that are caused by microorganisms. The traditional knowledge and practices of the communities served as the basis for this research.
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